Hyperspectral Applications and Case Studies
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Applications
Resonon hyperspectral systems enable you to accurately and consistently distinguish between similar colors or materials. Our systems are in use worldwide on platforms ranging from airplanes to microscopes. As the following applications and case studies demonstrate, our solutions solve a wide range of problems.
Precision AgricultureEnvironmental MonitoringBiotechnologyRemote SensingFood ProductionIndustrial Applications
Precision Agriculture
Resonon's hyperspectral imaging systems are used in agriculture research all over the world, enabling identification of weeds, monitoring of plant health, and evaluation of ripeness. Early detection of crop stress is a common application.
Application Example
Airborne Evaluation of Stem Rust Disease in Wheat
A Resonon Pika II (predecessor to the Pika L) hyperspectral airborne system sampled 960 wheat plots with varying levels of stem rust disease, achieving an overall 88% disease classification accuracy.Published in: J. Abdulridha et al, Sensors, 23 (2023).
Application Example
Hyperspectral Fluorescence in Grapevine
A Resonon Pika L hyperspectral imager was used to quantify chlorophyll and nitrogen in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines.Application Example
Analysis of Stomatal Behavior of Wheat
A Resonon Pika XC2 hyperspectral camera was used to analyze the stomatal behavior of winter wheat.
Application Example
Water Stress of Oilseed Rape Leaves
A Resonon laboratory hyperspectral system was used to detect water stress of oilseed rape leaves (Brassica napus L.).
Published in: Xia Ji'An et al., Comp. and Elec. in Ag. 159, 59 (2019).
Application Example
Published in: C. Nansen et al., J. Photochem. and Photobio. B (2015).
Corymbia Seed Viability
Viable and non-viable Corymbia seeds that appear
identical to the human eye can be clearly distinguished using hyperspectral
data.
Published in: C. Nansen et al., J. Photochem. and Photobio. B (2015).
Download the hyperspectral data here.
Case Study
Using Hyperspectral Imaging to Assess Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops
High salt content in soil harms crops by hindering water and nutrient uptake, reducing crop productivity over time.
Researchers successfully used a Pika II (predecessor to the Pika L) to assess and quantitively rank salt tolerance in wheat.
Environmental Monitoring
Resonon hyperspectral systems are used widely in environmental sciences and monitoring applications.
Application Example
View the imagery data here.
Algae Blooms in Lake Erie
Since 2015, NOAA GLERL and the University of Michigan's Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research have flown weekly campaigns with a Resonon Pika L airborne hyperspectral camera to track the spread of harmful algal blooms in western Lake Erie.View the imagery data here.
Application Example
Published in: Alboody et al, Remote Sens. 3455 (2023).
Aquatic Drone-Based Plastic Detection
A team at the University of Littoral Côte d’Opale integrated a Resonon Pika IR with an unmanned-aquatic drone to autonomously find and identify plastic waste in coastal environments.Published in: Alboody et al, Remote Sens. 3455 (2023).
Application Example
Detection of Microplastics
A minimally-modified Resonon Pika IR+ hyperspectral camera was used for the rapid
detection of microplastics down to 100 microns.
Published in: Zhu et al, MethodsX 8, 101175 (2021).
Application Example
Detecting Contamination in Rivers
In-situ measurements of the Mississippi River Watershed were used to detect nitrates, phosphates, and sediments.Biotechnology
Resonon systems have been used for many biological and medical applications.
Application Example
Human Vein Detection via Hyperspectral Imaging
A Resonon Pika XC2 benchtop reflectance system was used to acquire reflectance data of the hands of 100 human subjects of different skin tones, after which, classification algorithms were used to find veins in HSI images.
Published in: H. Ndu et al., Sensors 24, 4 (2024).
Application Example
Bio-LIF Accelerates New Fluorophores Development
Resonon's Bio-LIF
(Laser Induced Fluorescence) system is being used by researchers to
significantly reduce the time to develop new mutations of red fluorescent
proteins (fluorophores) used in diagnostics, life science research, and new drug discovery.
Read the article here.
Application Example
Monitoring Liver Tissue Radiofrequency Ablation
A Resonon Pika XC2 was used to demonstrate quantification of RF ablation in liver tissue, a frequent treatment for liver cancers.
Published in: R. Abdlaty et al., Ann Biomed Eng 49, 2430–2440 (2021).
Application Example
Phototrophic Microbial Communities
A group at the Max Planck Institute in Germany used a Resonon hyperspectral camera to non-invasively identify pigments in single cells and map the spatial organization of phototrophic groups in complex microbial communities.Application Example
Published in: Xu, Ronald X et al., Biomed. Opt. Exp. 3, 6 (2012).
Wound Healing
Scientists from NIST and The Ohio State University used a Resonon Pika II (predecessor to the Pika L) hyperspectral imaging camera to characterize wounds.Published in: Xu, Ronald X et al., Biomed. Opt. Exp. 3, 6 (2012).
Remote Sensing
Resonon hyperspectral imaging cameras are used in air, space, and underwater vehicles to capture detailed spectral data for a wide range of applications.
Application Example
NASA ARCSTONE
Resonon partnered with NASA to design and build the ARCSTONE hyperspectral instrument to calibrate lunar reflectance in order to increase understanding of Earth systems (i.e., weather, climate change) while reducing future imaging satellite costs. Launch is scheduled for Q2 2025.
More details here.
Application Example
Airborne Identification of Archaeological Artifacts
A Resonon Pika IR+ airborne hyperspectral imaging system was used to locate and classify various archaeological artifact samples spread across a grass and sand/silt survey region.
Published in: J. Casana et al, Remote Sens. 16, 1671 (2024).
Application Example
Yield Estimation in Wheat
A Resonon Airborne Pika L system was used to help predict yield in wheat as a function of fertilizer concentration. LAI and chlorophyll were measured for 24 plots using 8 nitrogen treatments.Published in: M. Kanning et al., Remote Sensing 10, 12 (2018).
Case Study
Using Hyperspectral Imaging to Identify Invasive Weeds
In Montana, leafy spurge is estimated to impact the state’s economy by $18 million per year. A group of researchers at Montana State University used a Resonon hyperspectral camera to identify leafy spurge with 95% accuracy.
Food Production
Resonon's hyperspectral imaging systems are used in food research and industry to identify defects, characterize product quality, and locate contaminants.
Application Example
Potato Chip Oil Content
A group at Virginia Tech used a Pika IR+ to rapidly quantify oil content and oil distribution in commercial potato chips with high accuracy.Application Example
Macadamia Nut Moisture Prediction
A Pika XC2 hyperspectral imager was used to non-destructively assess moisture in macadamia nuts. High prediction accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.93) was achieved for both kernels and nuts-in-shell using either human or computer-generated regions of interest.Published in:
M. Farrar et al., Comput. Electron. Agric. 224 (2024).
Application Example
Estimating Avocado Ripeness
A Resonon Pika XC2 was used along with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to predict the number of days until ripeness of avocados with an error of 1.2 days.Published in: KJ Davur et al., Horticulturae
9(5):599 (2023).
Application Example
Predicting Beef Marbling
A Resonon Pika XC (predecessor to the Pika XC2) was used to predict marbling in beef steaks. The model predictions were highly-correlated with human judges trained in the Japanese Beef Marbling Standard.Application Example
Detecting Apple Bruises
A Pika IR+ hyperspectral camera was used to scan apples, some of which were purposefully bruised pre-scanning.Resonon’s Spectronon software was used to classify the bruises. Peeling the skin shows the bruising, undetectable in a standard RGB image.
Application Example
The image of chicken nuggets shows the classification: missing breading (red), crispy (green), and appropriately-cooked (blue).
Cooked Food
Subtle color changes associated with food quality can readily be identified using hyperspectral imaging.The image of chicken nuggets shows the classification: missing breading (red), crispy (green), and appropriately-cooked (blue).
Industrial Applications
Hyperspectral machine vision detects small color differences more accurately and identifies different materials more reliably than conventional imaging.
Resonon's system can be interfaced to robots, labeling devices, or used as feedback for sorting, grading, or process control.
Application Example
Automated Solder Quality Inspection
A Pika L hyperspectral camera was used to develop an automated system for assessing solder quality on circuit boards.The system can evaluate solder quality, detect defects, and ensure uniformity.
Published in: T. Barman et al., INDIN. IEEE (2024).
Application Example
The image shows two nearly-identical products that are accurately differentiated using Resonon machine vision.
Identifying Finished Goods
A major manufacturer of laminates uses Resonon machine vision systems at multiple facilities to identify over 30,000 products daily from a library of several thousand.The image shows two nearly-identical products that are accurately differentiated using Resonon machine vision.
Application Example
Pharmaceuticals
Hyperspectral infrared imagers can identify counterfeits, find defects, and eliminate prescription errors.The image shows three types of white pills, indistinguishable by color to the human eye, but accurately classified via Resonon's Pika IR+ hyperspectral machine vision.
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